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Who Is Purported to Have Brought Martial Arts Training to the Shaolin Monks in China?

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Chan Buddhist temple in Dengfeng, Henan Province, China

Shaolin Monastery

少林寺
Shaolin Monastery 2006.JPG

Shaolin Monastery in September 2006
Organized religion
Affiliation Buddhism
Status Active
Location
Location Dengfeng, Zhengzhou, Henan, Red china

Shaolin Monastery is located in Henan

Shaolin Monastery

Shown inside Henan
Geographic coordinates 34°30′27″North 112°56′07″E  /  34.50750°Due north 112.93528°East  / 34.50750; 112.93528 Coordinates: 34°thirty′27″N 112°56′07″Due east  /  34.50750°Due north 112.93528°East  / 34.50750; 112.93528
Architecture
Style Chinese architecture
Date established 495
Website
shaolin.org.cn

UNESCO Earth Heritage Site
Location Red china
Role of Historic Monuments of Dengfeng in "The Centre of Heaven and Earth"
Criteria Cultural: (iv)
Reference 1305-005
Inscription 2010 (34th Session)
Shaolin Monastery
Shaolin si (Chinese characters).svg

"Shaolin Temple" in Chinese
Chinese 少林寺
Literal meaning "Temple of Shao[shi Mountain] Woods"

Shaolin Monastery (少林寺 Shàolínsì), also known every bit Shaolin Temple, is a renowned temple recognized as the birthplace of Chan Buddhism and the cradle of Shaolin Kung Fu. It is located at the human foot of Wuru Peak of the Songshan mount range in Dengfeng County, Henan Province, Cathay. The proper noun reflects its location in the ancient grove (林 lín) of Mount Shaoshi, in the hinterland of the Songshan mountains. Mountain Song occupied a prominent position among Chinese sacred mountains as early on as the 1st century BC, when it was proclaimed one of the Five Holy Peaks (五岳 wǔyuè). It is located some 30 miles southeast of Luoyang, the former capital of the Northern Wei Dynasty (386–534), and forty-five miles southwest of Zhengzhou, the modern capital of Henan Province.[1]

As the first Shaolin abbot, Batuo devoted himself to translating Buddhist scriptures and to preaching doctrines to hundreds of his followers. In 527, Bodhidharma, the 28th patriarch of Mahayana Buddhism in Bharat, arrived at the Shaolin Temple. He spent 9 years meditating in a cavern of the Wuru Summit and initiated the Chinese Chan tradition at the Shaolin Temple. Thereafter, Bodhidharma was honored as the first patriarch of Chan Buddhism.[2]

The Temple's historical architectural circuitous, standing out for its great aesthetic value and its profound cultural connotations, has been inscribed in the UNESCO Globe Heritage List. Apart from its contribution to the evolution of Chinese Buddhism, also equally for its historical, cultural, and artistic heritage, the temple is famous for its martial arts tradition.[3] Shaolin monks take been devoted to enquiry, creation, and continuous evolution and perfecting of Shaolin kung fu.

The main pillars of Shaolin culture are Chan Buddhism (禅 Chán), martial arts (武 wǔ), Buddhist art (艺 yì), and traditional Chinese medicine (医 yī). This cultural heritage, still constituting the daily temple life, is representative of Chinese civilisation. A large number of celebrities, political figures, eminent monks, Buddhist disciples, and many other people, come to the temple to visit, make pilgrimages, and hold cultural exchanges.[4] In addition, owing to the work of official Shaolin overseas cultural centers and foreign disciples, Shaolin culture has spread around the earth every bit a distinctive symbol of Chinese civilisation and a ways of foreign cultural exchange.[v]

At present, Shaolin Temple is a Global Low-carbon Ecological Scenic Spot and a National 5A-level Tourist Attraction in China.[vi] Information technology has been awarded the highest-level category used by the Ministry building of Civilisation and Tourism and attributed to the almost important and best-maintained tourist attractions in the People's Democracy of China.[7]

History [edit]

Northern Wei and Northern Zhou dynasties [edit]

The Shaolin Temple was founded in the 19th year of the Taihe era of the Northern Wei dynasty (495 Advert). The kickoff patron of the Shaolin Monastery was the devout Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei (r. 471–499), who in 495 transferred the capital letter the Northern Wei from Pingcheng (today'due south Datong, Shanxi) to Luoyang. The following year, the monarch provided the Indian-born monk Batuo with funds to establish the Shaolin Temple. Batuo, also referred to in the Chinese sources every bit Fotuo (in Sanskrit: Buddhabhadra), had met the emperor several years before. He had enjoyed Emperor Xiaowen's sponsorship always since he arrived in Pingcheng via the silk route effectually 490.[8]

Thanks to Batuo, Shaolin became an important centre for report and translation of original Buddhist scriptures. It also became a place of gathering for esteemed Buddhist masters. Historical sources on the early origins of Shaolin Kung Fu show that at this fourth dimension martial arts practice was existent in the Temple.[nine] Batuo'southward teaching was connected past his two disciples, Sengchou (僧稠Sēngchóu, 480–560) and Huiguang (慧光Huìguāng, 487–536).

In the first twelvemonth of the Yongping era (506), Indian monks Lenamoti 勒那摩提 (in Sanskrit: Ratnamati) and Putiliuzhi 菩提流支 (in Sanskrit: Bodhiruci) came to Shaolin to set up a scripture translation hall. Together with Huiguang, they translated master Shiqin'south (世親 Shìqīn, in Sanskrit: Vasubandhu) commentary on the Ten Stages Sutra (Sanskrit: Daśabhūmika Sūtra; simplified Chinese: 十地经), an early, influential Mahayana Buddhist scripture. After that, Huiguang promoted the Vinaya in 4 Parts (四分律Sì fēn lǜ, Sanskrit: Dharmagupta-Vinaya), which was the theoretical ground for the Luzong (律宗 Lǜzōng) School of Buddhism formed during the Tang Dynasty by Dao Xuan (596–667).

In the tertiary year of the Xiaochang era (527) of Emperor Xiaoming of Northern Wei, Bodhidharma, the 28th patriarch of Mahayana Buddhism in India, came to the Shaolin Temple. Bodhidharma (达摩 Dá mó), an Indian monk, came to China around the 470s as a Chan Buddhist missionary and traveled for decades throughout China before settling on Mount Song in the 520s.[x] Bodhidharma's teachings were primarily based on Lankavatara Sutra, which contains the conversation between Gautama Buddha and Bodhisattva Mahamatti, who is considered the first patriarch of Chan tradition.

Using the teachings of Batuo and his disciples as a foundation, Bodhidharma introduced Chan Buddhism, and the Shaolin Temple community gradually grew to become the middle of Chinese Chan Buddhism. Bodhidharma'due south teaching was transmitted to his disciple Huike, for whom the legend says to have cut off his arm to show his conclusion and devotion to the teachings of his principal. Huike was forced to leave the Temple during the persecution of Buddhism and Daoism (574–580) past Emperor Wu of Northern Zhou. In 580 Emperor Jing of Northern Zhou restored the Temple and renamed it Zhi'ao Temple (陟岵寺 Zhìhù sì).[eleven]

Sui, Tang, Wu Zhou, and Song dynasties [edit]

The Emperor Wen of Sui, who was a Buddhist himself, returned the Temple'due south original name and offered to its community 100 hectares of country. Shaolin thus became a large temple with hundreds of hectares of fertile land and large backdrop. It was once again the center of Chan Buddhism, with eminent monks from all over Prc coming to the Temple on regular footing.

At the end of the Sui dynasty, the Shaolin Temple, with its huge monastery backdrop, became the target of thieves and bandits. The monks organized forces within their community to protect the Temple and fight confronting the intruders. At the start of the Tang dynasty, thirteen Shaolin monks helped Li Shimin, the futurity 2nd emperor of the Tang dynasty, in his fight against Wang Shichong. They captured Shichong's nephew Wang Renze, whose regular army was stationed in the Cypress Valley. In 626, Li Shimin, subsequently known equally Emperor Taizong sent an official letter of gratitude to the Shaolin community for the help they provided in his fight confronting Shichong and thus the establishment of the Tang Dynasty.[12] The Tang dynasty also established several Shaolin co-operative monasteries throughout the country, and formulated policies for Shaolin monks and soldiers to aid local governments and regular military machine troops. Shaolin Temple likewise became a place where emperors and high officials would come for temporary reclusion. The Emperor Gaozong of Tang and Wu Zetian often visited the Shaolin Temple for adept luck, and made large donations. During the Tang and Song dynasties, the Shaolin Temple was extremely prosperous. It had more than than 14,000 acres of land, 540 acres of temple grounds, more than than 5,000 rooms, and more than 2,000 monks. The Chan Buddhist Schoolhouse founded by Bodhidharma flourished during the Tang dynasty and was the largest Buddhist school of that time.[xiii]

The information about the first century of the Northern Song dynasty is very deficient. The rulers of Song supported the evolution of Buddhism, and Chan established itself as dominant over other Buddhist schools. Around 1093 Chan master Baoen (报恩Bào'ēn) promoted the Caodong Schoolhouse in the Shaolin Temple and accomplished what is known in Buddhist history every bit "revolutionary turn into Chan". This ways that the Shaolin Temple officially became a Chan Buddhist Temple, while up to that point information technology was a Lǜzōng temple specialized in Vinaya with a Chan Hall.

Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties [edit]

At the outset of the Yuan dynasty, the Emperor Shizu of Yuan, placed the monk Xueting Fuyu (雪庭福裕, 1203–1275) as the abbot of Shaolin and in accuse of all the temples in the Mount Vocal expanse. During this period, the abbot had undertaken important construction work including the building of the Bell Belfry and the Pulsate Tower. He also introduced the generational lineage organization of the Shaolin disciples through a 70-graphic symbol poem – each character in line corresponding to the name of the adjacent generation of disciples. In 1260, Fuyu was honored with the title of the Divine Buddhist Master and in 1312 posthumously named Duke of Jin (晉國公 Jìn guó gōng) past the Yuan emperor.

The fall of the Yuan dynasty and the establishment of the Ming dynasty brought much unrest, in which the Temple customs needed to defend itself from the rebels and bandits. An important part of the Temple'southward material heritage was destroyed during the two decades of the Blood-red Turban Rebellions.

With the establishment of the Ming dynasty by mid-14th century, Shaolin recovered and a large part of the monastic community that fled during the Red Turban attacks returned. At the beginning of the Ming dynasty, the government did not advocate martial arts. During the reign of the Jiajing Emperor, Japanese pirates harassed People's republic of china's littoral areas, and generals Yu Dayou and Qi Jiguang led their troops against the pirates. During his stay in Fujian, Qi Jiguang convened martial artists from all over People's republic of china, including local Shaolin monks, to develop a fix of battle and staff fighting techniques to be used confronting Japanese pirates. Owing to the monks' claim in fighting against the Japanese, the government renovated the Temple on a large scale, and Shaolin enjoyed certain privileges, such equally food tax exemption, granted past the government. Since then, the Shaolin monks were recruited by the Ming government at least six times to participate in wars. Due to their outstanding contribution to the Chinese military success, the imperial court built monuments and buildings for Shaolin Temple on numerous occasions. This also contributed to the establishment of the legitimacy of Shaolin Kung Fu in the national martial arts community. During the Ming Dynasty (in mid-16th century) Shaolin reached its apogee, and held its position equally the central place of the Caodong School of Chan Buddhism.

During the Qing dynasty, the Shaolin Temple was favored by the Qing emperors. In the 43rd year of the Kangxi Emperor'southward reign (1704), the emperor gifted the tablet to the Temple with the characters 少林寺(Shàolín sì) engraved on it in his calligraphy (originally hung in the Heavenly King Hall, and afterwards moved by the Mountain Gate). In the 13th twelvemonth of the Yongzheng Emperor's reign (1735), important reconstructions were financed by the courtroom, including the rebuilding of the gate and the 1000 Buddha's Hall. In the 15th year of his rule (1750), the Qianlong Emperor personally visited Shaolin Temple, stayed at the abbot'southward room overnight, and wrote poems and tablet inscriptions.[thirteen]

Republic of China [edit]

In the early days of the Republic of Cathay, the Shaolin Temple was repeatedly striking past wars. In 1912, monk Yunsong Henglin from the Dengfeng County Monks Association, was elected by the local government as the head of the Shaolin Militia (Shaolin Guarding Corps). He organized the guards, and trained them in gainsay skills to maintain local social club. In the autumn of 1920, dearth and drought hit Henan province, which led to thieves surging throughout the area and endangering the local community. Henglin led the militia to fight the bandits in different occasions, thus enabling dozens of villages in the Temple'south surroundings to live and work in peace.[14]

In the belatedly 1920s, Shaolin monks became embroiled in the warlords' feuds that swept the plains of northern China. They sided with General Fan Zhongxiu (1888–1930) confronting Shi Yousan (1891–1940). Monks sided with Fan who had studied martial arts at the Shaolin Temple equally a child. Fan was defeated, and in the spring of 1928, Yousan's troops entered Dengfeng and Shaolin Temple, which served as Fan Zongxiu's headquarters. On March xv, Shi Yousan's subordinate Feng Yuxiang fix burn down to the monastery, destroying some of its ancient towers and halls. The flames partially damaged the "Shaolin Monastery Stele" (which recorded the politically astute selection made by other Shaolin clerics fifteen hundred years earlier), the Dharma Hall, the Heavenly King Hall, Mahavira Hall, Bell Tower, Drum Tower, Sixth Ancestor Hall, Chan Hall and other buildings, causing death of a number of monks who were at the Temple. Big number of cultural relics and 5480 volumes of Buddhist scriptures were destroyed in the burn.[15]

Japan 's activities in Manchuria in the early 1930s made the National Government very worried. The military then launched a stiff patriotic motility to defend the state and resist the enemy. Nanjing Central Martial Arts Center and Wushu Plant together with other martial arts institutions were established around the country every bit part of this motility. The government too organized martial arts events such as "Martial arts returning to Shaolin". This particular event served to encourage the people to recall the importance of patriotism through jubilant the contribution of the Shaolin martial arts to the state's defense force from the foreign invasion at numerous occasions throughout history.

People's Republic of Cathay [edit]

Since the founding of the People's Democracy of Prc, the state recognized five official religions, including Buddhism, and established institutional human relationship with them through religious associations. The Buddhist Association of Red china was founded in 1953, and was disbanded in the late 1960s during the Cultural Revolution, then reactivated following the end of that flow.

During the Cultural Revolution in the People's Republic of China, the monks of Shaolin Temple were forced to render to the secular life, Buddha statues were destroyed, and temple backdrop were invaded. After the Cultural Revolution, Shaolin Temple was repaired and rebuilt. The buildings and other material heritage which was destroyed, including the Mahavira Hall and the stone portraying "Bodhidharma facing the wall", were reconstructed according to their originals. The others, such as the ancient martial arts preparation ground, the Pagoda Forest and some stone carvings that survived, all the same remain in their original state. In December 1996, Chuzu Temple and Shaolin Temple Pagoda Forest (No. 4-89) were listed every bit national key cultural relics protection units. The Shaolin Temple leadership was aiming for its historical architectural complex to become a United Nations World Heritage site, in order to obtain annual funding for maintenance and development from the United nations. After repeated submissions, their application was finally accepted past the 34th World Heritage Committee on August ane, 2010. UNESCO reviewed and approved eight sites and xi architectural complexes including Shaolin'southward Resident Hall, Pagoda Forest, and Chuzu Temple as Globe Cultural Heritage.[16]

On March 22, 2006, the Russian President Vladimir Putin visited Shaolin Temple and watched a Shaolin Kung Fu performance. He was the beginning foreign head of country to visit Shaolin Temple in its history.[17]

In May 2007, Shaolin Temple was named a National 5A Scenic Spot past Red china National Tourism Administration.[18]

In 2009, Shaolin Temple established Fengyinghang Co., Ltd. to prepare for the construction of the commencement Overseas Shaolin Cultural Center Headquarters (Hong Kong Shaolin Temple) outside of Mainland China.

In April 2013, the Shaolin Temple Sutra Pavilion was selected every bit a National Cardinal Protection Unit for Ancient Books, every bit its collection of documents and books related to Kung Fu theory and practice is unique in Mainland china.[19]

Shaolin Temple's lineage [edit]

Historical data tape that in the period preceding the Yuan Dynasty, the Shaolin Temple nurtured five Buddhist schools. The abbot of Shaolin Temple Xueting Fuyu (雪庭福裕 Xuětíng Fúyù, 1203–1275) unified the five schools and established the Southern Branch Caodong School in the Temple. He also wrote a 70-character poem that defines the pattern of generational naming that has been followed up to this date.

The current leadership of the Shaolin Temple: Venerable Abbot Shi Yongxin [edit]

The current abbot of Shaolin Temple is Venerable Master Shi Yongxin, the 30th generation abbot of Shaolin Temple. Born as Liu Yingcheng, he comes from a devout Buddhist family unit from Yingshang, Anhui province. At the age of 17, he came to Shaolin Temple in Mountain Songshan, where the Abbot Master Xingzheng took him as a disciple. His Buddhist proper name "Yongxin" means the ane who "always believes in Buddhism". Subsequently he studied at the Yunju Mountain in Jianxi Province, Jiuhua Mountain in Anhui Province and Guangji Temple in Beijing. After having received his precepts in Puzhao Temple in Jianxi Province in 1984, he returned to Shaolin Temple. He continued serving his Master Xingzheng and was also a fellow member of the newly established Autonomous Management Committee of Shaolin Temple. In 1987, later on his master died, he took over the position of Chairman of Shaolin Temple Management Committee and presided over the work of the monastery. In March 1993, Shi Yongxin was elected a member of Henan Provincial Political Consultative Briefing and in October of the same twelvemonth the Head of the Buddhist Clan of China. He was elected as Deputy to the Ninth (1998), Tenth (2003), Eleventh (2008) and Twelfth (2013) National People's Congress. In July 1998, he became the President of Henan Buddhist Association. In August 1999, Shi Yongxin was honored as the Abbot of Shaolin Temple. In 2002 and again in 2010 he was elected the Vice President of the Buddhist Association of People's republic of china. In 2010, he too became the Director of the Overseas Communication Committee of Buddhist Association of China.[20]

Abbot Shi Yongxin's published works in recent years include texts in the Dew of Chan journal series, and books My Heart My Buddha, Shaolin Temple in My Middle (Chinese and English version), etc. He also compiled dozens of books, including Shaolin Temple (big album), Collection of Shaolin Kung Fu (the second series), Medical Secret Records of Shaolin Kung Fu, Encyclopedia of Shaolin Temple (three volumes), Chan Buddhism Grand Ceremony (200 volumes), Chinese Martial Arts Thou Ceremony (101 volumes), Medical Encyclopedia of Chinese Buddhism (101 volumes), Essays of International Seminar on Chan Culture, Science of Shaolin Anthology, Shaolin Kung Fu, Chan Happiness, The Heart Sutra of Bodhisattva and so on.[21]

Acknowledgements [edit]

Ancient honors [edit]

Before Emperor Wuzong'due south Huichang prosecution of Buddhism and Taoism, Shaolin Temple enjoyed tax exemptions.

Modern acknowledgements [edit]

  • In 2004, the California State House of Representatives and the Senate passed two votes to officially found March 21 as the "California Songshan Shaolin Temple Solar day."
  • In 2007, the Temple was proclaimed as a National 5A-level Scenic Spot, a Global Depression-carbon Ecological Scenic Spot, a patriotism education base for religious circles of the Communist china, and an education base for respecting and caring for the elderly of the People'south Republic of Communist china.[18]
  • On August one, 2010, during the UNESCO 34th World Heritage Committee, 8 buildings including Shaolin Temple, Pagoda Wood and Chuzu Temple were listed as World Cultural Heritage.[22]
  • In Apr 2013, the Shaolin Temple Sutra Pavilion was selected as a National Key Protection Unit for Ancient Books, and its collection of documents and books related to Kung Fu theory and practice ranks beginning in the People's Republic of Cathay.[23]
  • In May 2013, the State Quango of the People's Republic of Cathay listed the aboriginal buildings of Shaolin Temple (No. 7-1162) as the 7th batch of national key cultural relics protection units.[24]

International promotion of the Shaolin cultural heritage [edit]

Shaolin Temple is an important religious and cultural institution both in Cathay and internationally. Because of its uniqueness, the Shaolin culture is accepted and recognized by people of different races, beliefs, and cultural backgrounds. The Temple has become means for Prc to display its cultural soft power.[25] Since the founding of the People'southward Democracy of Cathay, and especially since the 1970s, cultural exchanges between Shaolin Temple and the balance of the world have been continuously improved in terms of content, scale, frequency and scope. Temple has been visited by European and American dancers, World Muay Thai, NBA stars, Hollywood movie stars, merely also renowned monks from traditional Buddhist countries such as Myanmar, Thailand, Cambodia, Nepal and Sri Lanka. Also, a big number of political leaders, such as Swedish Rex Carl Sixteen Gustaf, British Queen Elizabeth Two, Castilian King Juan Carlos I, Australia's former Prime number Minister Howard, Due south Africa Former President Mandela, Russian President Putin, onetime US Secretary of State Kissinger and Taiwan politician James Soong have met with the abbot in the Temple or abroad. Visits past Lien Chan and Wu Boxiong, former International Olympic Committee President Roger and others have farther proved the importance of Shaolin Temple.

In 2004, the California Firm of Representatives and the Senate passed ii votes to pronounce March 21 as the "Songshan Shaolin Temple Twenty-four hour period in California", which became a legislative holiday established past the California Assembly.[26] Currently there are more than 40 overseas cultural institutions established by the Temple's leadership and its disciples in dozens of countries around the world. Shaolin monks come to the centers to teach nearly Buddhist classics, martial arts, mediation, etc. Another fashion of promoting the Shaolin intangible cultural heritage in the earth is through the Shaolin Cultural Festivals, starting time of which was held in Due north America. These festivals and similar events convey the spiritual connotation of Chinese civilization and Eastern values to societies internationally.[27]

Shaolin civilisation [edit]

Shaolin Temple has developed numerous complementary cultural aspects that permeate and mutually reinforce each other and are inseparable when information technology comes to presenting the Temple's material and intangible cultural heritage. The virtually prominent aspects are those of Chan (禅 Chán), martial arts (武 wǔ), traditional medicine (中医 zhōngyī) and art (艺 yì). Shaolin Culture is rooted in Mahayana Buddhism, while the practice of Chan is its nucleus and finally, the martial arts, traditional medicine and art are its manifestations. Thanks to the efforts of the abbot Shi Yongxin, the monastic customs and the Temple's disciples from all over the world, the Shaolin Culture continues to grow. During its historical development, the Shaolin Culture has also integrated the essential values of Confucianism and Taoism.

The contemporary Temple institution offers to all interested individuals and groups, regardless of cultural, social and religious values, the take a chance to experience the Shaolin culture through the Shaolin cultural commutation program. This program offers introduction to Chan meditation, Shaolin Kung Fu, Chan medicine, calligraphy, art, archery etc. Chan practice is supposed to help the private in attaining calm and patience necessary for living optimistically, meaningfully, wisely and with compassion. Means of practicing Chan are numerous and they range from everyday activities (e.k. eating, drinking, walking or sleeping) to specialized practices such as meditation, martial arts, and calligraphy.

Shaolin Kung Fu is manifested through a arrangement of unlike skills that are based on attack and defence movements with the form (套路 tàolù) as its unit. One class is a combination of different movements. The structure of movements is founded on the ancient Chinese medical knowledge which is compatible with the laws of body movement. Within the Temple, the forms are taught with the focus on the integration of the principles of complementarity and opposition. This ways that Shaolin Kung Fu integrates dynamic and static components, yin and yang, hardness and softness, etc.

The Shaolin community invests dandy efforts in safeguarding, developing and innovating its heritage. Following the ancient Chinese principle of harmony betwixt Heaven and human being, Temple's masters work on the development of the most natural body motility in order to accomplish the full potential of human expression.

Shaolin has been developing activities related to the international promotion of its cultural heritage. In 2012, the start international Shaolin cultural festival was organized in Deutschland, followed by festivals in the US and England. Official Shaolin cultural centers exist in numerous countries in Europe, USA, Canada and Russian federation. Every year the Temple hosts more than 30 international events with the aim to promote cultural exchange.

Shaolin temple buildings [edit]

The temple's inside area is 160 by 360 meters (520 ft × 1,180 ft), that is, 57,600 square meters (620,000 sq ft). It has seven main halls on the axis and seven other halls effectually, with several yards around the halls. The temple structure includes:

  • Shanmen (山门) (built 1735; The entrance tablet written with golden characters "Shaolin Temple" (少林寺; shaolinsi ) in black background past the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty in 1704).
  • Forest of Steles (碑林; beilin )
  • Ciyun Hall (慈雲堂; ciyuntang ) (built 1686; changed 1735; reconstructed 1984). It includes Corridor of Steles (碑廊; beilang ), which has 124 stone tablets of various dynasties since the Northern Qi dynasty (550–570).
  • W Arrival Hall (西来堂; xilaitang ) a.thousand.a. Kung fu Hall (锤谱堂; chuiputang ) (built 1984).
  • Four Heavenly Kings Hall (天王殿; tianwangdian ) (built in Yuan dynasty; repaired in Ming, Qing dynasties).
  • Bell belfry (钟楼; zhonglou ) (built 1345; reconstructed 1994; the bell was congenital in 1204).
  • Drum tower (鼓楼; gulou ) (built 1300; reconstructed 1996).
  • Kimnara Palace Hall (紧那罗殿; jinnaluodian ) (reconstructed 1982).
  • 6th Patriarch Hall (六祖堂; liuzutang )
  • Mahavira Hall (大雄宝殿; daxiongbaodian ) a.k.a. Main Hall or Dandy Hall (congenital maybe 1169; reconstructed 1985).
  • Dining Hall (built in Tang dynasty; reconstructed 1995).
  • Sutra Room
  • Dhyana Halls (reconstructed 1981).
  • Guest Reception Hall
  • Dharma Hall (Sermon) Hall (法堂; fatang ) a.m.a. Scripture Room (藏经阁; zang jing ge ) (reconstructed 1993).
  • East & West Guests Rooms
  • Abbot's Room (方丈室; fangzhangshi ) (built in early Ming dynasty).
  • Standing in Snowfall Pavilion (立雪亭; lixueting ) a.k.a. Bodhidharma Bower (达摩庭; damoting ) (reconstructed 1983).
  • Manjusri Hall ( wenshudian ) (reconstructed 1983).
  • Samantabhadra Hall
  • White Robe (Avalokitesvara) Hall (白衣殿; baiyi (Guan yin) dian ) a.thousand.a. Kung fu Hall ( quanpudian ) (built in Qing dynasty).
  • Ksitigarbha Hall (地臧殿; di zang dian ) (congenital in early Qing dynasty; reconstructed 1979).
  • K Buddha Hall (千佛殿; qianfodian ) a.grand.a. Vairocana Pavilion (毗庐阁; piluge ) (built 1588; repaired 1639,1776).
  • Ordination Platform (built 2006).
  • Monks' Rooms
  • Shaolin Pharmacy Bureau (built 1217; reconstructed 2004).
  • Bodhidharma Pavilion ( chuzuan ) (built start in Song dynasty)
  • Bodhidharma Cave
  • Forest of Pagodas Yard (塔林院; talinyuan ) (built before 791). It has 240 tomb pagodas of various sizes from the Tang, Song, Jin, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties (618–1911).
  • Shaolin Temple Wushu Guan (Martial arts hall)

  • A mural painting in the temple (early 19th century)

  • Shaolin Monastery Stele on Mountain Vocal ( 皇唐嵩岳少林寺碑 ), erected in 728 AD

  • A tree within the Shaolin Monastery used by the monks to practice finger-punching

  • The Pagoda forest (broad view)

  • The Pagoda forest (shut view), located about 300 meters (980 ft) west of the Shaolin Monastery in Henan

Run across too [edit]

  • Shaolin Temple Britain

References [edit]

  1. ^ Shahar 2008
  2. ^ "Shaolin Monk Corps—Shaolin Temple".
  3. ^ Shahar 2008
  4. ^ 外国总统多次造访 少林文化已走向世界. 人民网. 2009年11月23日 [2014年3月24日]. （原始内容存档于2016年3月4日
  5. ^ 250余名美国弟子拜谒少林寺. 搜狐网. 2013年7月4日 [2014年3月23日]. （原始内容存档于2014年3月23日.）; (马明达. 走向世界的少林文化. 《体育文化导刊》 (国家体育总局体育文化发展中心). 2004年, (01期) [2014-03-24]. ISSN 1671-1572. （原始内容存档于2014-03-24)
  6. ^ Xinhuanet 2013-06-xix [ 2014-03-24 ] The original content was archived on 2014-03-24
  7. ^ Shaolin Temple Longmen Grotto Yuntai Mountain iii Scenic Spot was selected as 5A Scenic Spot. Dahe.com.
  8. ^ Wei shu, 114.3040; Ware, trans., "Wei Shou on Buddhism," pp. 155–156; Shahar 2008
  9. ^ Lu Zhouxiang 2019
  10. ^ Shahar 2008；Shi Daoxuan 2014; Lu Zhouxiang 2019
  11. ^ 少林寺简介. 少林寺官网. [2014-03-23]. （原始内容存档于2014-02-18）
  12. ^ Shahar 2008; Lu Zhouxiang 2019
  13. ^ a b 少林寺简介. 少林寺官网. [2014-03-23]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-18)
  14. ^ 一代高僧：恒林法师. 菩萨在线. 2013-07-12 [2014-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-24）; 恒林. 少林寺官网. 2010-02-26 [2014-03-24]. （原始内容存档于2014-03-24
  15. ^ 少林寺简介. 少林寺官网. [2014-03-23]. 原始内容
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  17. ^ 普京参观少林寺 观看武僧表演. 新华网. 2006年3月23日 [2010年11月13日]. (原始内容存档于2010年10月8日)
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Sources [edit]

  • Henning, Stanley (1994). "The Chinese Martial Arts in Historical Perspective" (PDF). Journal of the Chenstyle Taijiquan Research Association of Hawaii. 2 (3): 1–7.
  • Henning, Stan; Green, Tom (2001). "Folklore in the Martial Arts". In Green, Thomas A. (ed.). Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, Calif: ABC-CLIO.
  • Lin, Boyuan (1996). Zhōngguó wǔshù shǐ 中國武術史 . Taipei: Wǔzhōu chūbǎnshè 五洲出版社.
  • Matsuda, Ryuchi (1986). Zhōngguó wǔshù shǐlüè 中國武術史略 (in Chinese). Taipei: Danqing tushu.
  • Shahar, Meir (2008). The Shaolin Monastery: history, religion, and the Chinese martial arts. University of Hawaii Press. ISBN978-0-8248-3110-iii.

External links [edit]

  • Shaolin Monastery, Architectura Sinica Site Archive

nessbutionly.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaolin_Monastery

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